http://dspace.univ-relizane.dz/home/handle/123456789/681 Wed, 15 Apr 2026 17:21:46 GMT 2026-04-15T17:21:46Z http://dspace.univ-relizane.dz/home/handle/123456789/685 Title: Biology of populations and organisms Authors: Aouadj, Sid Ahmed Abstract: Understanding population from a biological perspective is important, as it can help explain how species evolve and how they interact with their environment. This course summary examines in detail the different aspects of population in biology, including Darwin's theory, ecology, ecosystem, species, population genetics and panmixis. Charles Darwin is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of population biology. His theory of evolution by natural selection is one of the foundations of modern biology. Darwin argued that species evolve over time as a result of natural selection, a process by which individuals best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. The genetic traits that make them better able to survive are then passed on to their offspring, which can lead to changes in the population over time. Two groups of different species living in the same area cannot be considered as a single population; because they are different species, they must be considered as two distinct populations. Similarly, two groups of the same species living in different areas are considered as two distinct populations. Panmixis is an important concept in population genetics, referring to the random mixing of genes within a population of organisms. This occurs when individuals in a population reproduce randomly, and genes are passed on randomly to offspring. Panmixis can help maintain genetic variability in a population, which can be important for its ability to adapt to changing environments. However, panmixy can also lead to the loss of certain genetic characteristics that are valuable for the population's survival, due to the dilution of favorable genes. Finally, population in biology is a fascinating subject that addresses key elements of evolution, ecology and population genetics. The study of population in biology can help us better understand how populations of organisms evolve and how they are influenced by their environment and the relationships between species. It can also help us predict the consequences of environmental disturbances on populations of organisms and ecosystems, and develop strategies to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem health. Sun, 11 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.univ-relizane.dz/home/handle/123456789/685 2025-05-11T00:00:00Z http://dspace.univ-relizane.dz/home/handle/123456789/684 Title: Ecological Mapping Authors: Aouadj, Sid Ahmed Abstract: The scientific concept of ecological continuity is a tool developed in response to the international challenge of biodiversity loss. It is a complementary approach to that of protected areas, taking into account the movement of species throughout their lives. In Algeria, this concept is known as the “Trame verte et bleue”, which becomes a land-use planning tool. The ecological continuities (or ecological networks) that make up the green and blue framework include biodiversity reservoirs and ecological corridors. Their identification and delimitation must enable plant and animal species, the preservation or restoration of which is a national or regional issue, to move around to ensure their life cycle and promote their ability to adapt. their life cycles and their ability to adapt. The notion of continuum is used in certain ecological network design methods. A continuum is associated with a subframe. It represents a set of contiguous environments, the support environments of this subnetwork, within which the group of species associated with the subnetwork can be present or move (without prejudging their actual presence or possible obstacles). The continuum thus corresponds to a habitat approach to continuity. This term will be used more specifically for flora. With a view to identifying and mapping a national green and blue network, regional initiatives have sought to identify the species and natural environments for which the preservation of ecological continuity is a prerequisite for the existence and maintenance of diversity. The coherence of the regional approaches is ensured by taking into account the issues and zonings reflected in the criteria presented in the framework document accompanying the national guidelines.4 National guidelines for the preservation and restoration of ecological continuity With a view to identifying and mapping a national green and blue network, regional initiatives have sought to identify the species and natural environments for which the preservation of ecological continuity is a prerequisite for the existence and maintenance of diversity. The coherence of the regional approaches is ensured by taking into account the issues and zonings reflected in the criteria presented in the framework document accompanying the national guidelines. The national coherence of the Green and Blue Network is ensured in particular by taking into account, in regional ecological coherence plans, issues relating to : - certain protected or inventoried areas (taking into account protection or knowledge zones) ; - certain species (taking into account the connectivity needs of species sensitive to fragmentation, forming regional species lists to ensure national national consistency) ; - certain habitats (taking into account the connectivity needs of habitats sensitive to fragmentation, forming national lists of habitats responsible for ensuring the national coherence of the TVB); - ecological continuities of national importance. Sun, 11 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.univ-relizane.dz/home/handle/123456789/684 2025-05-11T00:00:00Z http://dspace.univ-relizane.dz/home/handle/123456789/683 Title: Bioinformatics Authors: Aouadj, Sid Ahmed Abstract: Databases dedicated to molecular biology are an essential complement to literature data. Today there is a very wide variety of heterogeneous databases. This diversity is, of course, explained by the variety of biological data, which are not limited to sequences, but also by the variety of objectives which governed their design. The major problem in the management of biological data therefore does not result so much from their volume as from this heterogeneity, both in terms of nature and format. The fundamental question is therefore how to integrate these biological data in order to make them accessible and usable as easily as if they appeared in a same database. Examination of the different technical solutions proposed highlights the need, in all cases, to explain and formally represent the entities concerned and their relationships. A simple but complete modeling example illustrates this approach. Sun, 11 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.univ-relizane.dz/home/handle/123456789/683 2025-05-11T00:00:00Z